Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type of sleep apnea. People who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea cease breathing during their sleep because of a complete or partial blockage of the airway. A number of people with obstructive sleep apnea stop breathing many times during their sleep, often for longer than a minute at a time.
The blockage most people have is the passage in their own mouths from the soft palate to the base of the tongue. Muscles keep this area open when a person with obstructive sleep apnea is alert. Whilst the sufferer is asleep, these muscles relax causing the soft palate and tongue to block breathing. The airway closes; the person stops breathing and then wakes up trying to breathe again. The person goes back to sleep only to wake up on multiple occasions, from five to one-hundred times per night.
The brief waking up and going back to sleep only lasts a few seconds. It is enough time to prevent the person from achieving deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Everyone needs deep and REM sleep to wake up refreshed and revitalized every day.
Three of the main risk factors for developing obstructive sleep apnea are:
1. Age - As people grow older, they lose muscle mass, which makes the airway soft and slender. When sleeping these already weak muscles relax, forming the obstruction.
2. Being Male - Men are at greater risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea.
3. Weight Gain - Weight gain is a contributing factor in obstructive sleep apnea. Excess fat causes the airway to close in when the muscles around it relax.
Other factors that place a person at risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea include:
Drug and alcohol abuse
Down Syndrome
Family history
Large adenoids and/or tonsils
Muscle disorders
Nasal congestion
Receding chin
Smoking
Thyroid disease
Some of the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea include:
Personality changes
Desire to sleep during the day
Depression
Falling asleep while driving
Often waking up during sleep
Failure to achieve deep sleep
Headaches
High blood pressure
Impotence
Memory loss
Obesity
Snoring
Tiredness
Complications resulting from obstructive sleep apnea include:
